5.13 i can describe catalytic cracking of long-chain hydrocarbons

Questions/Answers:

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1) What is a catalyst?
A catalyst is a substance that speeds up the rate of reaction
2) What is 'cracking' used for?
To break down long chain molecules into more short chain ones
3) Why do we use 'cracking'?
So that we have more short chain molecules which are more useful than the long chain molecules
4) What do you have to look out for while carrying out the liquid paraffin experiment?
You have to very careful and avoid the water backfiring into the column or else an explosion will occur
5) Why is the gas collected under water?
The density of the gas is less than the water causing the gas to rise
6) What is the broken pieces of pot used for in this experiment?
It works as a catalyst
7) What is liquid paraffin?
A substance that consist of long chain molecules

8) Why does the the liquid paraffin have to be heated?

Heat is used to break the bonds of the long chain molecules

5.12 I can recall the problems associated with the fractional distillation of crude oil

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1. copy and complete:

 a. When crude oil undergoes fractional distillation there are too many long chain hydrocarbons (eg bitumen) produced and not enough short chain hydrocarbons (eg refinery gases)

b. To solve these problems the long chain hydrocarbons undergo a chemical reaction called cracking

5.11 I can recall how nitrogen oxides are formed in car engines

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a.       Write the general equation for the combustion of a fuel

Fuel + Oxygen (O₂) ---> Carbon Dioxide (CO₂) + Water (H₂O) + Energy

b.      During combustion the nitrogen in air can react to form what gases?

Nitrogen Monoxide (NO) and Nitrogen Dioxide (NO₂)

c.       What condition is necessary for this reaction to take place?

High Temperatures

d.      In what common object is this condition found?

Cars

e.      Why is this condition needed for nitrogen to react?

To break the triple covalent bond that nitrogen has

f.        What are the dangers of the products from this reaction?
Nitric Acid (HNO₃) which is a part of Acid Rain

5.10 I can recall the problems associated with incomplete combustion

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1.       What are the properties of carbon monoxide?

colourless, odorless, poisonous gas

2.       Explain how carbon monoxide is formed

incomplete combustion, insufficient oxygen

3.       Explain why carbon monoxide is poisonous

sticks to hemoglobin and doesn't detach itself when delivered to the muscles

5.9 I can describe the trend in boiling point and viscosity of the main fractions

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a.       What is the trend in boiling point of the fractions?
The higher in the fractionating column the lower the temperature

b.      Define viscosity (source your definition)
The state of being thick, sticky (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viscosity)

c.       What is the trend in viscosity of the fractions?
The higher in the fractionating column it is the lower the resistance

d.      What is the trend in colour of the fractions?
The higher in the fractionating column the lighter the liquid gets

e.      Why is crude oil separated into fractions?
Crude oil has no beneficial use on its own.

f.        What process is used to separate crude oil into fractions?
Fractional distillation

g.       What physical property allows this process to work?
The boiling points of the different fractions

5.8 I can recall the names and uses of the main fractions obtained from crude oil

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Red
Giraffes
Kill
Dogs
For
Burgers 

5.7 describe how the industrial process of fractional distillation separates crude oil into fractions